which of the following statements concerning social categorization is correct?

In one study assessing stereotypes, Stephanie Madon and her colleagues (Madon et al., 2001) presented U.S. college students with a list of 84 trait terms and asked them to indicate for which groups each trait seemed appropriate (Figure 12.6 Current Stereotypes Held by College Students). External situations have no effect on one's personality characteristics. d. displacement. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 36(7), 778793. a. her "macho" style A man cuts in front of the line and drops his items on the counter. d. Ireland; urban. Southern European Americans Which component of attitude is being affected? She lost her case and left Price Waterhouse. a. whites 1.) Sarah feels that her positions are correct, and she believes they are true not only for her but for women in general. Which of the following statements concerning prejudice is not true? He developed a plan for how the group could most effectively share responsibilities. Butz, D. A., & Plant, E. A. Even today, there is good agreement about the stereotypes of members of many social groups, including men and women and a variety of ethnic groups. B. 2 He made a dispositional attribution. Stereotype accuracy: Toward appreciating group differences. Allport, G. W. (1954/1979). British Journal of Social Psychology, 33(3), 331343. b. portrayal of gender-based social roles d. scapegoating. a. Whites acknowledge they have privilege. Schmader, T., Johns, M., & Forbes, C. (2008). c. 13 percent; 9 percent In 2019, approximately 53.6 million metric tons of electronic and electric waste (e-waste) was generated globally, and according to some estimations the annual amount of e-waste will exceed 74 million metric tons by 2030 (Forti et al., 2020: 23).Branded as a solution, the circular economy promises to "design out" waste and keep products and materials in circulation through optimized . Trope, Y., & Thompson, E. (1997). a. aggregation. Reggie and his family are well off financially. You can see that these social categorizations may create some potential for misperception, and perhaps even hostility. . False, Which of the following is an example of a situational attribution? True The belief that male behaviors, roles, and experiences are the standards for society is known as a. Lawrence Bobo c. Categorization makes our lives more efficient by guiding our decision-making. Beliefs about the characteristics of the groups and the members of those groups are known as stereotypes. c. animal and food terms to refer to females. . relationships and domestic topics. b. stereotyping. (2010). a. boys and girls were equally likely to be shown performing physical activities. Perceived consensus influences intergroup behavior and stereotype accessibility. d. Racism resides in the individual conscience only. IV. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 27(8), 9961010. Women who participate in traditional feminine sports such as tennis or gymnastics get more Which of the following statements best describes life insurance policy dividends? b. diminutive suffixes for female terms. \end{array} What term would be used to characterize her argument? The Stanford prison experiment led researchers to conclude which of the following? For instance, in one version of the IAT, participants are shown pictures of men and women and also shown words related to gender stereotypes (e.g., strong, leader, or powerful for men and nurturing, emotional, or weak for women). 2 The confederates were all adults. Rules Sara Baker, Ori Friedman, Alan M. Leslie (sbaker@ruccs.rutgers.edu) Cognitive development in the preschool years is characterized by diminishing impulsivity in thought and action. One problem is that social categorization distorts our perceptions such that we tend to exaggerate the differences between people from different social groups while at the same time perceiving members of groups (and particularly outgroups) as more similar to each other than they actually are. These could be between candidates and students (usually the case), candidates and parents (quite common), Chinese students and Chinese teachers, and candidates with me (as their mentor/teacher). D. engaging in prejudice, discrimination, and stereotyping, Touch, Taste, and Smell: The Other Senses, Psychology Unit: Sociocultural Domain Part 2, Psychology Unit: Sociocultural Domain Part 1, Arlene Lacombe, Kathryn Dumper, Rose Spielman, William Jenkins. b. girls, more than boys, were described as "little." which of the following statements concerning social categorization is correct? I used this code when statements . c. working-class women are perceived more positively than are middle-class women. Category and stereotype activation: Is prejudice inevitable? None of these choices. c) the real, imagined, or implied presence of others. (1978). Brown, R., Croizet, J.-C., Bohner, G., Fournet, M., & Payne, A. The State of Tennessee v. John Thomas Scopes b. handicapism Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 39(5), 456467. The cluster of traits that includes being independent, ambitious, and achievement-oriented is, According to the text, in North American society _______ traits are more likely to be associated. c. Ireland; rural In some cases, these beliefs may be positive, and they have the effect of making us feel more confident and thus better able to perform tasks. 275292). Which statement is an accurate characterization of the concept of race? a. c. Japanese Americans In 2013, ______ of Americans eighteen- to twenty-nine-year-olds supported interracial marriage. c. "Throughout history mankind has been plagued by disease." \. Influence of impression-management goals on the emerging content of group stereotypes: Support for a social-evolutionary perspective. d. Native Americans, Which group has lived in the United States longer than all other immigrant groups besides Anglo-Saxons, yet faces the segregation and poverty that was only a transitional phase for the other groups? Related Documents. c. as active, mature adults That is, they argued that the negative impact of race on standardized tests may be caused, at least in part, by the performance situation itself. Therefore, new challenges for public . It has been argued that there is a kernel of truth in most stereotypes, and this seems to be the case. Furthermore, the categories are arranged such that the responses to be answered with the left and right buttons either fit with (match) the stereotype or do not fit with (mismatch) the stereotype. b. essentialism. Steele, C. M., & Aronson, J. And which groups we use in social categorization can change over time and in different situations. c. racializing. Weight, BMI, age, blood pressure, and physical activity are other familiar variables commonly placed into categories. c. Cuban Americans A. a. stress the importance of improving one's physical attractiveness through diet, exercise and One of the long-standing puzzles in the area of academic performance concerns why Black students perform more poorly on standardized tests, receive lower grades, and are less likely to remain in school in comparison with White students, even when other factors such as family income, parents education, and other relevant variables are controlled. The term psychologists use for how physically close two people are to each other is ________. d. her unfeminine walk. c. segregation. social facilitation Social Cognition, 21(3), 167193. Determining how to define and categorize variables is sometimes called 'operationalizing' and is a critical part of study design. ), Advances in child development and behavior (Vol. Our stereotypes influence not only our judgments of others but also our beliefs about ourselves, and even our own performance on important tasks. For most of the period of European expansion, Europeans believed themselves to be superior to the people they colonized and conquered. Now, rather than perceiving themselves as members of two different groups (men versus women), John and Sarah might suddenly perceive themselves as members of the same social category (students at their college). a. Assimilation Using our stereotypes to size up another person might simply make our life easier (Macrae, Bodenhausen, Milne, & Jetten, 1994). a. b. Germany; urban Prejudice based on socially significant physical distinctions is known as. On the affective side, stereotype threat creates stress as well as a variety of affective responses including anxiety (Schmader, Johns, & Forbes, 2008). b. Donald Trump expresses the kind of racism that is typical in contemporary American politics. b. unintelligent False. See the answer. If we believe that women are bad drivers and we see a woman driving poorly, then we tend to remember it, but when we see a woman who drives particularly well, we tend to forget it. Stereotypes and prejudice may create discrimination. D. Human behavior is not easily changed by the expectations of others. b. Ms. Jane Sullivan c. the social categorization perspective. If you are like most people, you will have a strong desire to categorize this person as either male or female. She negatively evaluates a Hispanic applicant because she has "no cultural flavor" in her application. In the IAT, participants are asked to classify stimuli that they view on a computer screen into one of two categories by pressing one of two computer keys, one with their left hand and one with their right hand. This interaction best illustrates which of the following statements? doi: 10.1016/j.jesp.2009.09.014. d. Elijah Anderson. Steele and Aronson argued that thinking about negative stereotypes that are relevant to a task that one is performing creates stereotype threatperformance decrements that are caused by the knowledge of cultural stereotypes. D. scapegoating, One of the issues that makes categorization a difficult prejudice to overcome is that it is often __________. Selected accounts payable and general ledger accounts for Copperland Company are given in the Working Papers. In Handbook of motivation and cognition: The interpersonal context (Vol. b. require welfare recipients to work. These beliefs just seem right and natural, even though they are frequently distorted overgeneralizations (Hirschfeld, 1996; Yzerbyt, Schadron, Leyens, & Rocher, 1994). b. African Americans c. color-blind racism, unlike overt racism, is not psychologically damaging to racial minorities. c. 41 percent Which of the following is not true of media portrayals of women and men? Even Black people themselves respond more quickly to positive words that are associated with White rather than Black faces on the IAT, suggesting that they have subtle racial prejudice toward Blacks. If you found yourself lost in a city, you might look for a police officer or a taxi driver to help you find your way. Course Title THEO 104 - Introduction to Christian Thought. a. immigration. I. For instance, when a math task is described as diagnostic of intelligence, Latinos and particularly Latinas perform more poorly than do Whites (Gonzales, Blanton, & Williams, 2002). which of the following statements concerning social categorization is correct? A common strategy for gaining compliance used by car salespeople is the door-in-the-face technique. 3 We are more likely to attribute another's behavior to internal rather than to situational causes. answer:-opruon 1 The Social Security retirement benefit is payable at normal retirem . Stereotyping and prejudice begin from social categorizationthe natural cognitive process by which we place individuals into social groups. b. a. there are no differences in the stereotypes applied to working-class and middle-class women. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 35, 2924. a. b. male generic language. b. Social categorization occurs when we think of someone as a man (versus a woman), an old person (versus a young person), a Black person (versus an Asian or White person), and so on (Allport, 1954/1979). a. modern sexism and modern sexism. c. from 1986 to 2008 partnership was denied on the basis of her gender. Which of the following is not an assumption of the social categorization perspective on x+31=2(x32)6x. B. Coping with the Bisaya Accent by Princess Lupian: A Case Study I. 1 It occurs without conscious awareness. Which of the following statements concerning defined-contribution plans that integrate with Social Security is correct? A. b. At a 0.11%0.11 \%0.11% rate of interest, what is the amount of money U.S. taxpayers are losing per year because of these $45\$ 45$45 million in counterfeit notes? 2 the assassination of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. You want to visit Argentina, but your attitude about Argentina is changing as you read the news about the kidnappings that have occurred there. d. Black men and women, In understanding the racial disparity in maternal health care between Black and white women, what factor is most directly associated with the cumulative effects of institutional and everyday racial discrimination that Black women face? a. Classification and quantitative judgment. Assimilation is when b. Authoritarianism is a characteristic of personality and reflects the values and norms of particular subcultures within the wider society. Whites regularly engage in overt racism against Asian Americans. Walton, G. M., & Cohen, G. L. (2003). Which statement best characterizes the textbook's assessment of the Trump presidency? Describe the fundamental process of social categorization and its influence on thoughts, feelings, and behavior. During an interview afterward, he stated, "I've made that putt a thousand times on the practice green. b. a. In this case, categorization into two groupsthe short lines group and the long lines groupproduced a perceptual bias such that the two groups of lines were seen as more different than they really were. Scientists today dispute the theory that races have significant genetic differences. C. It forms the anterior boundary of the interventricular . Complicating things, Gkn tests from different cultural circles cannot simply be translated as . Once they become established, stereotypes (like any other cognitive representation) tend to persevere. In one of the experimental conditions, participants simply saw six lines, whereas in the other condition, the lines were systematically categorized into two groupsone comprising the three shorter lines and one comprising the three longer lines. A man cuts in front of the line and drops his items on the counter. Although thinking about others in terms of their social category memberships has some potential benefits for the person who does the categorizing, categorizing others, rather than treating them as unique individuals with their own unique characteristics, has a wide variety of negative, and often very unfair, outcomes for those who are categorized. Which of the following statements about social categorization is incorrect?A) Social categorization assigns individuals to categories based on common characteristics. d. pluralism. Brian believes that gender discrimination is no longer a problem in society. This prevents us from really learning about the outgroup members as individuals, and as a result, we tend to be unaware of the differences among the group members. Which of the following was a finding in the classic study by Festinger and Carlsmith 1959 )? 3 One confederate gave a correct response. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 87(1), 522. 44; 22 a. genetic factors Ann Hopkins' case is an example of: Which of the following statements about categorization in humans is FALSE? Psychological Review, 100(1), 109128. Lepore, L., & Brown, R. (1997). a. The nature of prejudice. d. the cultural inferiority of blacks, In 2017, among full-time workers, which group has the lowest weekly earnings? television. I codes "social" when the thrust of the datum dealt with relationships. Guimond, S. (2000). 18. c. 35 2 A girl marries the boy next door. c. now have about equal numbers of male and female characters in basic readers and math What is important is to reduce the self-concern that is engaged when we consider the relevant negative stereotypes. movies, and theater Which of the following statements about categorization is most correct? c. victim. Because our stereotypes are activated spontaneously when we think about members of different social groups, it is possible to use reaction-time measures to assess this activation and thus to learn about peoples stereotypes and prejudices. but that reflect a more negative connotation for the female term. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. See Page 1. At this point, we would probably not consider them to be acting as group members, but rather as two individuals. According to the textbook, what can we conclude about the patterns of segregation in the United States? 13 percent; 3 percent Specifically, he found that although lines C and D (which are actually the same length) were perceived as equal in length when the lines were not categorized, line C was perceived as being significantly longer than line D in the condition in which the lines were categorized. d. She became partner and was awarded financial compensation for lost wages. d. often understand it as a compliment, since it is often meant as a compliment. In several forms of media there is a greater emphasis on female than male appearance. a. Asian American women are featured in greater numbers than are any other women of color.