This law-making body is generally controlled by the laws and governed by the state constitution. 3. Proportional Representation Martin, J. R. (1994). Hence, the debate about descriptive representation is clearly in need of a more contextualized assessment of its pros and cons. Additionally, how much does the ethnic composition of a district affect the chances that a Latino candidate will be elected in a given district? Instead, proper representation for some is rooted in the racial, ethnic, socioeconomic, gender, and sexual identity of the representatives themselves. Do not use an Oxford Academic personal account. 8. Making your pros and cons list objectively can help weigh each pro and con against the others. 2. descriptive representation is the extent to which a representative or legislative body resembles a given constituent and her social or demographic identities. Descriptive analysis also involves identifying the position of a single value or its response in relation to others. Equality of opportunity. It is always recommended to visit an institution's official website for more information. This forces the government to dissolve the coalition. Return to Figure. Olsen, J. P. (2013). These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This form of representation is called descriptive representation. (pp. The Case of Rwanda, Worlds Apart? ), Deliberative democracy and its discontents. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. Evidence from Romania. Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. A vast literature debates the efficacy of descriptive representation in legislatures. so that you can track your progress. Plantenga, J., Remery, C., Figueiredo, H., & Smith, M. (2009). Towards a European union gender equality index. However, its not unheard of for it to happen when two buyers are using the same agent. Stanford Law Review, 43(6), 12411299. Acceptability: Such a report is acceptable to busy persons because it easily highlights the theme of the report. When on the society site, please use the credentials provided by that society. ), Has liberalism failed women? That's pretty straightforward. Using an analytical tool such as a pros-and-cons list emphasizes the objective, "just the facts" side of decision making. Your email address will not be published. Secondly, I will draw upon Phuong Ngo as a case study to describe how descriptive and substantive representation impacted MEM voters in his constituency. The data from a descriptive research project can be collected from one person or a small group of people. PubMedGoogle Scholar, Uni Research Rokkan Centre, Bergen, Norway, Centre for Womens and Gender Research, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway, Department of Comparative Politics, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway, Department of Information Science and Media Studies, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway, Holst, C. (2016). Academia.edu no longer supports Internet Explorer. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. (2002). Growing up in America, children are taught by their grade school teachers to be proud of being American. The maximization use of an executive law-making body is the crucial advantage that representative democracy can offer. Descriptive research does not rely on only one type of data; it relies on both quantitative and qualitative Relatable. Descriptive statistics for the importance of the pros and cons, knowledge, and the percent of time participants used KICs. The electoral advantage of the incumbents presents a stumbling block on the advancement of new groups into the institution. Confidentiality is the primary weakness of descriptive research. The documentary forces us to, The United States is the most racially diverse nation in the world. Should blacks represent blacks and women represent women? Studies of the representation of minority interests in the era following the enactment Here are the major reasons for using graphics to highlight the pros & cons: Show the pluses and minuses of specific options. Descriptive representation is the idea that political institutions should reflect the social composition of populations as they are.5 In descriptive representation, representatives not only have visible characteristics (such as ethnicity, gender, or sexual orientation) that are common to their constituents but also have shared experiences such as document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Organizing and providing relevant educational content, resources and information for students. Holst, C. (2010). Movies represent cultural values and Disney's legacy of mostly white princesses depicts our racist society. Swift, A. . Teigen, M. (2000). Conservatives and right-wing liberals have traditionally opposed it, while left-wing political parties and social movements often regard quotas for marginalized groups as decisive progressive measures in struggles for democracy and justice. Engelstad, F., & Teigen, M. (2012). It is complicated: One of the major draw back of this system is that it is too confusing. I argue that race and ethnicity matter in congressional oversight of bureaucratic policymaking. Select your institution from the list provided, which will take you to your institution's website to sign in. On the relationship between gender democracy and gender equality in the EU. New York: Oxford University Press. Rawls, J. Feminizing politics. Mapping the margins: Intersectionality, identity politics, and violence against women of color. The descriptive evaluation is the process of gathering, analyzing and interpreting information using different tools / Home; / About; descriptive representation pros and cons Descriptive analysis also involves identifying the position of a single value or its response in relation to others. Some societies use Oxford Academic personal accounts to provide access to their members. (1999). If you see Sign in through society site in the sign in pane within a journal: If you do not have a society account or have forgotten your username or password, please contact your society. Descriptive studies include case reports, case-series, qualitative studies and surveys (cross-sectional) studies, which measure the frequency of several factors, and hence the size of the problem. The safest position would be to say that results are "mixed . #1) Waterfall Model. 10 Anson Road,#11-20, International Plaza, Singapore-079903. If your institution is not listed or you cannot sign in to your institutions website, please contact your librarian or administrator. Horizontal Communication https://cnx.org/contents/W8wOWXNF@12.1:Y1CfqFju@5/Preface, CC BY. The descriptive representation of gender: An anti-essentialist argument. In this contribution we distinguish the substantive and the descriptive approach of representation. Walby, S. (2011). The expansion of minority and female representation still continues at a slow pace. Discrimination has not fallen short in any way and continues to build barriers for many people of color. Cornell, D. (1998). New York: Verso. Something about the areas needed to clarify the distinctions. European Sociological Review, 20(1), 111. The future of feminism. Signs, 19(3), 630657. Classic descriptive statistics include mean, min, max, standard deviation, median, skew, kurtosis. The current reservation system keeps 13% of vacancies in government sector reserved for SC, 7.5 % for ST and 27.5% for OBC. Reisel, L. (2014). Firstly, I will discuss the benefits and limitations of descriptive and substantive representation for MEM groups. (eds) Gendered Citizenship and the Politics of Representation. - 136.243.94.45. Descriptive research provides numerical descriptions that identify what the thing being studied looks like in terms of its size, location, and frequency. Princeton: Princeton University Press. State feminism and political representation. If you are doing a comparison between two products, you might give one product an unfair advantage to get the desired results. 2. Cambridge: Polity Press. - Volume 55 Issue 2. The purpose of descriptive research, aside from describing a certain population or situation, is to know the basic knowledge of a study. New York: Routledge. Inspection; Surface Mount; Test; Through-Hole; Menu Advantages and disadvantages of descriptive research. Get Access. Gender and discourse. Between facts and norms. Pitkin, H. F. (1972). Descriptive Representation Descriptive representation refers to the election of racial and ethnic minor-ity members to policymaking bodies (Pitkin 1967). Bacchi, C. (1999). Advantages and disadvantages of descriptive representation Descriptive representation is where people are allowed to vote for leaders who they feel mirror their beliefs. Even though the movie broke some barriers, Disney and other film companies still have more progress to make to adequately represent their viewers. Saarbrcken: VDM Verlag Dr. Mller. A main aspect of marginalization. Ethics, 91, 431450. Struggles to expand the breadth of political and civil rights in the United States have been critical to fostering greater inclusion and equality for racial/ethnic minorities in America. Lovenduski, J. To save this article to your Kindle, first ensure coreplatform@cambridge.org is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. They chant Christopher Columbus sailed the ocean blue in 1492 and harmoniously sing patriotic songs such as The Star Spangled Banner while being utterly oblivious of Americas corrupt political system. The pros and cons of descriptive research analysis. Ideally, governmental policies aim to defend citizens of a specific territory by setting laws that promote and implement egalitarianism. Since 1992, the U.S. Congress has experienced dramatic change in the demographic makeup of its membership. data sets are independent of each other most widely used method of data representation. Oxford: Oxford University Press. The tyranny of the majority: Fundamental fairness in representative democracy. What Are the Advantages of Qualitative Research? It is an Efficient Form of Government. Previous Figure Next Figure. (1998). Cambridge, MA: Cambridge University Press. Mansbridge, J. Black faces, black interests: The representation of African-Americans in congress. nicknames with honey in them; westminster college wrestling; how do cat cafes pass health inspections; arcadia edu audio tour; karns supermarket weekly ads 6. These are part of business analytics, which extract value from your business data. The diversity of the country is not reflected in the U.S. Congress, whose current membership is approximately 80 percent male, 82 percent white, and 92 percent Christian. Rational deliberation among experts and citizens. Learn how your comment data is processed. Government American Congress Congressional Representation. The pros: Its the best way to collect data without bias. Sloman (1985) has also argued the pros and cons of analogical representations, and has concluded that a variety of representation formalismsincluding those specialized for spatial reasoningare important to AI problem solving. Barry, B. Minorities can be said to place themselves at a disadvantage because of their vulnerability and stubborn inability to, The fact that the social disorganization theory is pretty much you will that one one individual is influence of the people around him if he is in a neighbor hood known of robberies then the individual is more than likely going to be doing robberies. Minow, M. (1991). Or at least, that's one theory. Krizsan, A., Skjeie, H., & Squires, J. (2014). In S. Besson & J. L. Mart (Eds. Main Research Question. We use cookies and similar technologies to ensure our website works properly, personalize your browsing experience, analyze how you use our website, and deliver relevant ads to you. Wngnerud, L. (2009). Legal harmonization and intersectionality in Swedish and Norwegian anti-discrimination reform. Sex and social justice. Descriptivists allow for change and are willing to forgo some rules to fit current norms.