how does douglass refute this counterclaim?

If I told my mom that bit about the Internet access and the Honor Roll, you can bet she would make me prove it by showing it to her. If he had he would have faced much more threats than he did. IV, p. 68 (emphasis in original). He never had a pair of shoes, no matter how cold it got ,and had only a single thin shift to wear, summer and winter. The labor and stripes that accompanied slaveryeven its lasting material deprivationsdid not reach the depth of its harmful effects in Douglasss estimation. -he's hopeful that they hear what he's saying & things change over time, Write a summary of this excerpt from "What to the Slave Is the Fourth of July?" Although, Douglass is able to be direct our thoughts to these experiences in such a light, you feel as if you are witnessing it happen right before you. He also goes on to say a number of other things that basically establish that slaves live an easy and good life compared to others. II, pp. Suppose that you are trying to get information from people who equivocate. But there are two sides to every argument. The authorsTEACHING ESSAYS BUNDLEincludes the threeprintable and digitalresources students need to mastertheCCSS W.1 argumentative and W.2 informational/explanatory essays. The prostrate form, the uncovered head, the cringing attitude, the bated breath, the suppliant, outstretched hand of beggary does not become an American freeman, and does not become us as a class, and we will not consent to be any longer represented in that position. The Belgian horse team, plus the faithful dog, _____ a fine addition to the parade. -he wishes he could present a speech that was positive for the people. 2 - Evidence. He shouted with joy when he was able to achieve this feat. ventana canyon golf membership fees; what ships are in port at norfolk naval base? [46] See Madison, Property, in Madison: Writings (New York: Library of America, 1999), pp. The overall claim for an essay is also known as the thesis and can be found in the introduction of the essay. To many, the U.S. war with Mexico in 1846 signified an imperialist effort to expand the number and power of slaveholding states at the national level, and the Fugitive Slave Law of 1850that most foul and fiendish of all human decrees, Douglass would call it[12]effectively nationalized slavery, conscripting non-slaveholding states and citizens in the recapture of persons fleeing for freedom. II, pp. but his relative moderation in this proposal is certainly in keeping with his classical-liberal respect for property rights, along with his longtime concern to sustain and strengthen a spirit of virtuous self-reliance among black Americans. With the election of the first Republican President in 1860, Douglasss hopeful predictions would soon be vindicated, but this was not what he initially expected of an Abraham Lincoln Administration. A claim is the main argument. Less than 20 inmates were executed in the United States in 2020. In Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass,did the mistress's initial kindness or her eventual cruelty have a greater effect on Frederick Douglass? In The Blessings of Slavery, by George Fitzhugh he states that southern slaves for the most part are the freest and happiest people in the world. Your argument can be summed up quickly. For example, This evidence may be true; however, the objection does not change the fact that. Including using the example of Joseph and his brothers, as well as the Israelites being slaves in Egypt. But this is the opinion of the Founding and, more generally, of the nations basic moral architecture that critics have propounded widely in todays schools and universities. Why, or why not? [5] As Abraham Lincoln and many others have observed, the claim that the Founders regarded blacks or nonwhites as beings lacking equal natural rights is altogether false. As a member, you'll also get unlimited access to over 88,000 Latest answer posted July 17, 2016 at 4:13:08 PM. The 1850s witnessed a series of what, to many, must have appeared to be catastrophic setbacks for the abolitionist cause, beginning with the execrated Fugitive Slave Law of 1850, including also the KansasNebraska Act of 1854, and culminating in the Dred Scott ruling in 1857. It is particularly important also to pay renewed attention to the most thoughtful apostles of the integrationist faith among the major figures of the AfricanAmerican protest tradition. All other trademarks and copyrights are the property of their respective owners. In time, Douglass came to see the wisdom in Lincolns prudent statesmanship, as he acknowledged in his most developed reflection on Lincoln, his speech at the unveiling of the Freedmens Monument to Lincoln in 1876. Power, Protest, and Change Test (blonde davis, Intro To Business Chapter Three (Part Two), The Language of Composition: Reading, Writing, Rhetoric, Lawrence Scanlon, Renee H. Shea, Robin Dissin Aufses, Literature and Composition: Reading, Writing,Thinking, Carol Jago, Lawrence Scanlon, Renee H. Shea, Robin Dissin Aufses, Edge Reading, Writing and Language: Level C, David W. Moore, Deborah Short, Michael W. Smith. Those who are skeptical of the claim of a post-racial America have a point. work!!! A great deal is at stake in this critique, and it demands a clear, forthright response: These charges against the Founders are false as well as pernicious. In the opinion shared by Taney, Marshall, and many present-day professors, teachers, and students, the stain of racial exclusion suffuses both the Constitution and the Declaration of Independence. The conclusion of the essay is one paragraph and contains an overarching summary of the argument as well as any implications this argument may have moving forward. The more difficult ones were put in place by Douglass in order to provide a deep and profound statement, without arousing too much opposition. Some of his works are obvious and others are a bit harder to see. Answer: a. dependence on a neighbor in terms of access to water trade. An effective argumentative essay will bring up counterclaims for two reasons: An effective counterclaim will both disagree with and disprove a claim. John W. Blassingame and John R. McKivigan (New Haven: Yale University Press, 19791992), p. 430 (hereinafter Douglass Papers). [7] At the heart of all that he learned and taught were these simple propositions: A formidable thinker as well as an activist and a polemicist, Frederick Douglass produced the most powerful argument for the affirmation of those principles in the history of AfricanAmerican political thought. With our Essay Lab, you can create a customized outline within seconds to get started on your essay right away. It was above all in Americas original and unforgettable dedication to those principles that Douglass found reason to love and identify with his country, despite the injustices that he and his people had suffered. V, pp. Post author: Post published: junho 22, 2022 Post category: when would the undeposited funds feature not be necessary? His fair-play principle required, first and foremost, the cessation of various practices in the post-Reconstruction South that were designed to frustrate blacks efforts to acquire property for themselves. That's a reason. . Nevertheless, his speech does make an argument. Up from Alienation: Douglasss Abolitionist Years, Speaking to the Garrisonian American Anti-Slavery Society in 1847, a youthful Douglass posed a poignant question and supplied a dispiriting answer. In the "Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass," Douglass has the ability to show the psychological battle between the white slave holders and their black slaves, which is shown by Douglass' own intellectual struggles against his white slave holders. Douglass states that "scorching irony, not convincing argument, is needed." The evils which are now crushing the Negro to earth have their root and sap, their force and mainspring, in this narrow spirit of race and color and the Negro has no more right to excuse or to foster it than men of any other race. Philip S. Foner (New York: International Publishers, 195075), p. 236 (hereinafter Life and Writings). His life was transformed yet again in August 1841, when the nations foremost abolitionist, William Lloyd Garrison, heard him speak at meetings in New Bedford and Nantucket, Massachusetts, and promptly offered him a position as a lecturer for the Massachusetts Anti-Slavery Society. [62] Abraham Lincoln, Annual Message to Congress, December 1, 1862, in Abraham Lincoln: His Speeches and Writings, ed. Douglass says that laws in the South are anti-black. [19] Douglass, What to the Slave is the Fourth of July? in Douglass Papers, Vol. It is a dream deeply rooted in the American dream. At the center of Kings dream was the hopeful expectation that one day this nation will rise up and live out the true meaning of its creedwe hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equaland that all men, yes black men as well as white men, would be guaranteed the unalienable rights of life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness.[1]. 61, 6465. I know of no soil better adapted to the growth of reform than American soil. IV, p. 436. Whom was he trying to reach? For example, This evidence may be true; however, the objection does not change the fact that, 2. As for the kind of cradle-to-grave care slaves get, Douglass graphically describes the frequent and brutal beatings his master, Mr. Auld, dealt out, and then discusses his own treatment as a child slave on the plantation. 9, Sala 89, Brusque, SC, 88355-20. IV, p. 183. He point-by-point counters a Southern narrative that argued that slavery benefitted black people. Claims are not just opinions. At the same time Douglass is disgusted with education because it lets him know and fully understand the extent and horrors of slavery. The short essay, Slavery as a Mythologized Institution, explains how people in that time period justified the disgusting behavior that was demonstrated regularly. When Douglass wrote this book, slavery was still legal in a large portion of the United States. The purpose of an argument, whether it's in a paper or a speech, is to convince or persuade. Counterclaims are also provable and supportable by reasons and evidence. Douglas removed his residual doubts by diving into the Warm Lake and swimming across to the other shore and back. Although the election meant that a new order of eventsis now fairly opening upon the country, he reserved judgment as to just how significant a change was in prospect. [10] See, for example, Douglass, Speech at the Unveiling of the Freedmens Monument in Memory of Abraham Lincoln, April 14, 1876, in The Frederick Douglass Papers: Series One, Vol. Douglass never tired of quoting the lines of Byron to this effect: Who would be free, themselves must strike the blow. To the end, he held strongly to the principle that he stressed in an 1855 editorial: our elevation as a race, is almost wholly dependent upon our own exertions.[55]. If the claim is that the United States should ban capital punishment, an effective counterclaim would be that the United States should not ban capital punishment because capital punishment provides a sense of closure for the families of the victims of violent crimes. Yet, while Douglass narrative describes in vivid detail his experiences of life as a slave, what Douglass intends for his readers to grasp after reading his narrative is something much more profound. how does douglass refute this counterclaim? Typifying a view of the Founding now common among scholars of race are remarks by Justice Thurgood Marshall, the first AfricanAmerican Supreme Court Justice and a hero of the legal struggle that paved the way for the Civil Rights Era. He not only. Spirited and independent-minded by nature, Douglass could abide mentors only to a limited degree even as a young man. The reasoning is about the cost of the death penalty, while the evidence is about racial disparities in the implementation of the death penalty. They were statesmen, patriots and heroes. In his discerning view, however, the main source of their greatnessthe virtue that enabled them to be more than revolutionaries, the Founders of a great republicinhered not in their bravery but in their dedication to the eternal principles, the saving principles, set forth in the unique revolutionary document they dared to sign. Fortunately, his master never treated him unkindly, until he was sent to be with a master that was the extreme opposite. Learn what a claim and counterclaim is in argumentative texts, and study examples of the components of an argument. The conclusion should sum up the author's entire argument from the essay. In your argument for a new cell phone, your mom stands on the other side. 350351. Moreover, the increasing incidence of despairing extremism among many abolitionists during this period was abetted by a series of portentous events. Abstract: Nearly 50 years after Martin Luther King delivered his memorable I have a dream speech, there is a growing consensus that the civil rights movement, despite some important victories, has been a failure. 19 Step-by-step answer 17.02.2022, solved by verified expert Bhaskar Singh Bora p PhD Mathematics, Physics. 386387. What country have I? he asked, a member of a race placed outside the protections of law, and answered, I have no patriotism. How does douglass refute this counterclaim? The arm of the Lord is not shortened, and the doom of slavery is certain.[19] Stronger still was his statement following the Dred Scott ruling: My hopes were never brighter than now. However a very courageous man, Frederick Douglass challenges those beliefs. What would you ask them to do? It means uplifting the soul of man into the glorious light of truth, the light by which men can only be made free.[53]. For example, this argument misses the key point that. The principles of natural human rights set forth in the Declaration of Independence, Douglass was convinced, represent a permanent, universal truth as well as the most practically powerful moral and political theory ever conceived. [49] Douglass, The Color Question, July 5, 1875, in Douglass Papers, Vol. No class of men can, without insulting their own nature, be content without it. III, p. 420. -it allows the student to prove his/her point even further by refuting a misconception. That the natural-rights principles epitomized in the Declaration of Independence were universally and permanently true; That the everlasting glory of Americas Founding lay in its dedication to those principles; and. But his Do nothing with us! rhetoric, oversimplified for emphasis, has been misunderstood by critics who read it literally as a denial of public obligation and a justification of public indifference toward the freedpeople. Check your answer in a print or an online college-level dictionary, Identify and define two other words in which the prefix ob- means "against." Douglass, was an African American writer, abolitionist, and so much more, but before any of this, he was a slave. Additionally, it comes from a credible source: an academic paper from the. When providing evidence to support reasoning, always make sure that the evidence comes from a credible source and that it is directly relevant to the reasoning. This is an effective counterclaim because it disagrees with the claim (stating that it should not be banned) and provides reasoning that disproves it (that it provides closure). He gives reasons for this claim and backs them up with evidence. Evaluating an Argument Guidelines & Examples | What is an Argument? In addition to using Counterclaim and Refutation Sentence Frames, writing teachers may also be interested in these related articles:Why Use an Essay Counterclaim?,Where to Put the Essay Counterclaim, andWhat is the Essay Counterclaim? I, ed. How he acquired it is a part of his story not to be neglected. Not transient and fitful effort, but patient, enduring, honest, unremitting, and indefatigable work, into which the whole heart is put. Much of the distinctive greatness of this nation, he continues, is due to its hospitality to just this sort of virtue. Your doing with us has already played the mischief with us. But it was upon becoming the editor of his own paper that his mind truly quickened. A counterclaim is just the opposite of a claim. The only solid, and final solution of the problem before us, Douglass insisted, was also the only just solution: the most perfect civil and political equality such that black Americans shall enjoy all the rights, privileges and immunities enjoyed by any other members of the body politic.[37] In its primary meaning, Douglasss fair-play, non-exceptionalism principle entailed simple equality under law, irrespective of race or color, but in the decades following the war, he was most urgently concerned with equal protection for two rights in particular: voting rights and property rights. Frederick Douglass's speech "What to the Slave Is the Fourth of July?" has many of the elements of a good argumentative structure. To the contrary, among such commentators there appears to be a growing consensus that, despite its important victories, the civil rights movement must be judged as on the whole a failure. It is difficult to challenge the accuracy of the first hand account offered. Central to the question of the wars larger moral legacy was the fate of those with whom he peculiarly identified: those lately emancipated. In his efforts to cultivate a respect for and proper understanding of the natural right of property, Douglass was laboring for a cause he considered vital both to Americas moral and political culture and to the liberation and elevation of black Americans in particular. In developing his own proposal, Douglass did not identify the precise grounds of his disagreement with Stevens. Start your 48-hour free trial to get access to more than 30,000 additional guides and more than 350,000 Homework Help questions answered by our experts. On one side, he rejected as plainly blasphemous the radical positivism expressed in the eminent Senator Henry Clays assertion that what the law makes property, is property.[42] At the other extreme, he judged it arrant nonsense to conflate the causes of abolitionism and socialism, as some abolitionists did in the belief that they could eradicate the desire for property in another human being only by eradicating the desire for private property of any kind. How do you think that refuting a misconception strengthened your presentation? God and nature speak to our manhood and manhood alone.[58]. Curiosity may have killed the cat, but it will help you be a good interviewer. As he renewed his labors for justice and progress for the freedpeople, Douglass had to confront a nettlesome question, lingering in the minds even of many anti-slavery whites, that had long obstructed the abolitionist cause. Add an answer. In these three stories, as well as in a sizable number of other articles, lectures, and letters, Douglass strongly advocated against slavery. After Douglass escape to freedom and his continuation of his education, he became an abolitionist through his works of literature and speeches. Tell why all or part of the opposing point of view may be reasonable, plausible, or valid, but minimize the opposing position. Addressing a womens rights convention in 1868, Douglass made the point simply and bluntly: If the elective franchise is not extended to the negro, he dieshe is exterminated.[39], Moreover, as the voting right was an imperative of justice, it was also, Douglass argued, a powerful agency for the cause of integration. So he labored on in those years, cherishing the memory of Lincoln in part for his own, personal reasons and calling his fellow citizens also to venerate the Great Emancipator that they might be bound ever more firmly to the great cause for which he and so many loyal citizens had died: to bring forth out of the terrible war a renewed nation, reconceived in liberty and rededicated to the proposition that all men are created equal. [26] Douglass, Life and Times of Frederick Douglass, in Frederick Douglass: Autobiographies, pp. In response, Garrison intensified his calls for the dissolution of the American Union, while influential black abolitionists urged blacks to surrender their hopes in America and emigrate. I know of no country where the conditions for affecting great changes in the settled order of things, for the development of right ideas of liberty and humanity, are more favorable than here in these United States. He talks about how grateful he is that america is young because it has time to create its own path without a past to hold it down. June 14, 2022 The conclusion ties to the claim and. [32] Douglass, What the Black Man Wants, January 1, 1865, in Douglass Papers, Vol. athenaeum club southend membership fees. Counterclaim and Refutation Sentence Frames. It means light and liberty. Eachno-prepresource allows students to work at their own paces via mastery learning. [5] For an indispensable rebuttal of this critique, see Thomas G. West, Vindicating the Founders: Race, Sex, Class, and Justice in the Origins of America (Lanham, Md. On the other hand it will be found to contain principles and purposes, entirely hostile to the existence of slavery.[16], Building on the ingenious arguments of the 19th-century legal theorist Lysander Spooner, Douglass argued that the passages in the Constitutions text that admit of some ambiguity, such as the clauses commonly held to concern slavery, must be interpreted in light of the larger ends or objects of the Constitution as set forth in the Preamble. Northerners, remembering their revolutionary heritage enough, at least, to remain vigilant in defense of their own rights, would increasingly view these actions as aggressions until the point was reached that slaveholders, by their own imperial overreach, had assembled a coalition of enemies too large for them to defeat. In paragraph 5, (b) How does he refute that counterclaim? ALL Shopping Rod. Douglass states that "scorching irony, not convincing argument, is needed." I was nothing before, he wrote in his autobiography, reflecting on the episode. The rise of this abolitionist agitation would alarm slaveholders, who would respond by attempting to suppress abolitionist speech and to strengthen and perpetuate their political power by expanding slaverys presence in federal territories, thus preparing the admission of additional slave states. That is provable, because your phone is so old it barely has texting! Having witnessed her transformation from a sympathetic to a hard-hearted mistress, Douglass concludes that slavery was as injurious to her soul as it was to his. mount shasta missing persons; kevin russell facebook; what is secretary of state number ct; Of these four possibilities, he was especially fearful of the third in view of the terrible damage it would doboth directly to the character and morale of its primary victims and indirectly to the entire country. His first hand accounts of the cruel nature of slavery and the thought. Douglass' primary claim in his narrative is that a nation predicated upon individual freedom cannot allow slavery to exist. What was Douglass's purpose in writing his Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave? Contrary to conventional wisdom, it's much more costly to execute a person than to imprison them for life" (Andre and Velasquez). How does the struggle for freedom change with history? Formulated more precisely, his demand Let [the Negro] alone meant Give him fair play and let him alone, but be sure you give him fair play.[34] In its most general meaning, fair play or justice to black Americans was to be determined by a principle of non-exceptionalism. As the author of three autobiographies, Douglass framed his life story as a series of reversals of fortune suggestive of the possibility of liberating revolutionary change. Another way to organize the body of the essay is to spend two paragraphs discussing reasons and providing evidence for support and using the third body paragraph to address a counterclaim. 'My cell phone doesn't have Internet access.'. the debate over slavery? [13] Douglass, My Bondage and My Freedom, in Autobiographies, p. 392. If you've ever said this or something like it, you've made a claim. Copyright 2009-2023 Pennington Publishing. Frederick Douglass devoted his singular 54-year career of public advocacy to the grand, mutually inseparable causes of the liberation and elevation of his fellow black Americans and the racial and moral integration of America. "In addition to wasting lives, the death penalty also wastes money. Because of Douglasss quest for freedom, his daring attitude, and determination to learn, he shows us the way through American Slavery in his eyes. IV, p. 68. IV, pp. There are three parts of the structure of an argumentative essay: introduction, body, and conclusion. That Douglass sympathized, for a period in his youth, with anti-America radicalism is hardly surprising. Although abolitionists including Douglass had assailed Lincoln for his seeming reluctance to strike at slavery, Douglass now conceded the superiority of Lincolns judgment: Had he put the abolition of slavery before the salvation of the Union, he would have inevitably driven from him a powerful class of the American people and rendered resistance to rebellion impossible. II, p. 235; Address on the Twentieth Anniversary of Emancipation, April 16, 1883, in Douglass Papers, Vol. Education empowers people to make good decisions and paves a future that provides opportunities. What have you learned about the struggle for freedom from reading this speech? Through the use of first person encounters, Frederick Douglass in his narrative A Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass argues that the key to freedom is claimed through education. He cites literacy as a pathway to humanity and ultimately freedom, one which he ironically discovered when Mr. Auld made his feelings about black literacy known. [41] Address of the Colored National Convention, in Life and Writings, Vol. Peter C. Myers is Professor of Political Science at the University of WisconsinEau Claire and the author of Frederick Douglass: Race and the Rebirth of American Liberalism. To correct this historical record is at once an intellectual, a civic, and a moral imperative, but to reaffirm the old integrationist faith in Americas principles and institutions, it is necessary (if not sufficient) to recover the Founders actual opinions about slavery and race. IV, p. 459. Then, it's time for your evidence, which, again, you have thoughtfully and thoroughly prepared. In 2016, slavery has become a distant memory. [59] Douglass, African Civilization Society, February, 1859, in Life and Writings, Vol. Now you turnthe opposing point of view, evidence, and analysis back to support your thesis statement. IV, p. 319. In the speech, Douglass makes a claim. Speaking in mid-1863 on the question What shall be done with the Negro? he specified four altogether objectionable responses. An effective argumentative essay will bring up counterclaims for two reasons: Bringing up counterclaims provides the author with a sense . Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, An American Slave, brings to light many of the social injustices that colored men, women, and children all were forced to endure throughout the nineteenth century under Southern slavery laws. The counterclaim is just one of the four elements of an argument, which include: Claim - to assert facts that give rise to a legally enforceable right or judicial action. Above all, the Constitution must be interpreted in light of its commitment to secure the blessings of liberty for all. This strategy displays the idea that slaves were seen as property and could be discarded easily. Dvidas? https://www.facebook.com/groups/sorliteracyhub, Enter code 3716 for 10% Discount on all ELA and Reading Intervention Programs. IV, p. 253. We want [the voting right], Douglass explained in his most extended discussion of the question, because it is our right, first of all. This commitment not only appears in the Preamble, but also reflects a bedrock rule of legal interpretationa rule as old as law itself, Douglass observed, and grounded in the very nature of law, according to which a legal instrument must be construed strictly in favor of liberty and justice.[17], In Douglasss argument, these interpretive principles yielded powerfully anti-slavery results. Components of an Argument: Reasons and Evidence, Essay Introduction: Write a Thesis and Capture Your Audience, Point of View: First, Second & Third Person, Logos, Ethos and Pathos: 3 Ways to Appeal to an Audience in Essays, Parts of An Argument: Claims, Counterclaims, Reasons, and Evidence, Writing Informative Texts: CCSS.ELA-Literacy.W.8.2, Writing Narratives: CCSS.ELA-Literacy.W.8.3, Writing Development, Organization & Style: CCSS.ELA-Literacy.W.8.4, Revising & Editing: CCSS.ELA-Literacy.W.8.5, Conducting Research: CCSS.ELA-Literacy.W.8.7, Finding & Citing Sources: CCSS.ELA-Literacy.W.8.8, Writing Practice: CCSS.ELA-Literacy.W.8.10, CLEP American Literature: Study Guide & Test Prep, CLEP College Composition: Study Guide & Test Prep, 12th Grade English: Homework Help Resource, Praxis English Language Arts: Content Knowledge (5038) Prep, College Composition for Teachers: Professional Development, Logical Argument: Definition, Parts & Examples, Understanding Whether Given Evidence Supports a Conclusion, Drawing Conclusions Based on Internal Validity, Verifiable Evidence, Reasoning, & Logical Arguments in Science, German Baroque Literature: Characteristics & Examples, Working Scholars Bringing Tuition-Free College to the Community.