The statistical analysis showed that during the coronavirus pandemic, Polish students most often used the coping strategies of: acceptance, planning, and seeking Int J Environ Res Public Health. Cluster analysis for strategies of coping with stress. Demographic Questionnaire No special permission is required to reuse all or part of the article Social distancing regulations were enforced in an attempt to halt virus spread. The coping strategy of behavioral, Fig 6. government site. View 3 excerpts, references results and background, View 2 excerpts, references results and background, International journal of environmental research and public health. Studies show that all five pillars of well-being in the PERMA model are associated with better academic outcomes in students, such as improved college life adjustment, achievement, and overall life satisfaction (Butler & Kern, 2016; DeWitz et al., 2009; Tansey et al., 2018). Talarowska M, Rucka K, Kowalczyk M, Chodkiewicz J, Kowalczyk E, Karbownik MS, Sienkiewicz M. Int J Environ Res Public Health. To avoid being overwhelmed, set limits on your media consumption and smartphone use. Avey, J. Babicka-Wirkus A, Kozowski P, Wirkus , Stasiak K. Int J Environ Res Public Health. Journal of Happiness Studies: An Interdisciplinary Forum on Subjective Well-Being, 20(1), 5165. Students at a United States university (N = 769) completed an online survey during fall 2020 and spring 2021 semesters. Connection and disconnection as predictors of mental health and wellbeing. As a result, they had to adopt different coping strategies to overcome the predicament that they were trapped in. WebThis study intends to investigate the extent to which students' learning experience has been meaningful and satisfying, and their sentiment on online distance learning due to the implementation of emergency remote teaching (ERT). Perhaps youre juggling your childrens educational needs as well as your own. -, Wirkus , Babicka-Wirkus A, Opora R, Stasiak K. Burnout among Probation Officers in Poland and the Role of Preferred Styles of Coping with Stress. How Do I Feel Better When The World Is Burning? We utilized a correlational cross-sectional study design; therefore, although PsyCap was predictive of change in well-being before and during COVID-19, neither causation nor directionality can be assumed. https://www.chronicle.com/article/distanced-learning, Huckins, J. F., DaSilva, A. W., Wang, W., Hedlund, E., Rogers, C., Nepal, S. K., Wu, J., Obuchi, M., Murphy, E. I., Mental Health of Students at Polish Universities after Two Years of the Outbreak of COVID-19. Perception towards E-learning and COVID-19 on the mental health status of university students in Malaysia. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 4(6), 548556. This situation clearly showed the students' helplessness and difficulties with coping with this new, stressful situation, highlighted in many previous studies. Adaptive coping strategiessuch as active coping, acceptance, using emotional support, and positive reframingwere found to better aid in predicting well-being. Instruments utilized in the study measured psychological capital (Psychological Capital Questionnaire [PCQ-12]; Avey, Avolio et al., 2011), coping (Brief COPE; Carver, 1997), and well-being (PERMA-Profiler; Butler & Kern, 2016). Umucu, E., Wu, J.-R., Sanchez, J., Brooks, J. M., Chiu, C.-Y., Tu, W.-M., & Chan, F. (2020). Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 46(4), 877891. Students use of religious coping (mean) and sources of expected support during the, Fig 8. SAGE. Enhancing well-being and alleviating depressive symptoms with positive psychology interventions: A practice-friendly meta-analysis. During the pandemic, optimism, hope, and resiliency have been significant predictors of well-being. Conclusions: Coping strategies are significant predictors for mental health Moderate level of perceived stress is indicated among the BSc Nursing students studying in nursing colleges located in Pune, with mean perceived stress score of the students Nurses being 21.88, and the mean coping strategies score was 74.38. Best Colleges (April 20, 2020). In this context, it could be useful to understand issues that people find most concerning and ways in which they cope with stress. By administering the PERMA-Profiler to university students, counselors could identify and understand what dimension of well-being should be further developed (Umucu et al., 2020). Mental health problems and help-seeking behavior among college students. Aim of the Study and Research Questions https://doi.org/10.1002/smi.2623. With schools around the country closed, students are facing unprecedented change. Control-coping goodness-of-fit and chronic illness: A systematic review of the literature. (2013). Keywords: university students, psychological capital, well-being, coping strategies, COVID-19. As the students collaborated with one another, they gained greater appreciation for one anothers disciplines and unique skill sets, Johnson-Huff said. Prior to COVID-19, self-efficacy and optimism were the two major psychological resources that predicted university student well-being. WebSupport in faith was a positive predictor for perceived stress, depression, anxiety, and insomnia. Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Positive expectancies and mental health: Identifying the unique contributions of hope and optimism. In Poland, the transfer to online teaching was announced without prior warning, which radically changed students' daily functioning. of this manuscript. Limit your media consumption. Current Psychology, 36(4), 875887. The experiences and emotional responses of finalyear nursing students who volunteered to carry out healthcare relief tasks during the peak of the COVID19 pandemic were explored, and the coping strategies they adopted to deal with this situation were identified. Findings on the effectiveness of problem-focused coping strategies versus emotion-focused coping strategies suggest the effectiveness of the particular strategy is contingent on the context, with controllable issues being better addressed through problem-focused strategies, while emotion-focused strategies are more effective with circumstances that cannot be controlled (Finkelstein-Fox & Park, 2019). WebThus, the objective of this study was aimed at accentuating the coping strategies of students for online teaching and learning during the COVID-19 pandemic. School child wearing face mask during corona virus and flu outbreak. However, during the pandemic, the covariance of the PsyCap dimensions with well-being increased to 39% (R2 = .39, p < .01). To this end, in 2020, a sample of Polish students was anonymously measured using the Mini-COPE questionnaire. But during COVID-19, the relevance of self-efficacy in predicting PERMA elements was limited to controllable factorsrelationships, meaning, and physical healthand the predictive role of self-efficacy overall was no longer significant (see Table 2). Background: During COVID-19 pandemic, student nurses were faced with lot of challenges at both clinical and teaching and learning environment. National Survey of College Counseling Centers 2014. International Association of Counseling Services, Inc. http://d-scholarship.pitt.edu/28178. A non-empirical research design was adopted for this study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(6). 2021. https://doi.org/10.1037/cdp0000175, Johnson, R. (2020). Clarifying the relation of acculturative stress and anxiety/depressive symptoms: The role of anxiety sensitivity among Hispanic college students. By clicking accept or continuing to use the site, you agree to the terms outlined in our. Cleveland, We examined whether the COVID-19 context shaped the efficacy of particular strategies to promote well-being. Mallhi TH, Ahmad N, Salman M, Tanveer N, Shah S, Butt MH, Alatawi AD, Alotaibi NH, Rahman HU, Alzarea AI, Alanazi AS, Alzahrani MS, Alshehri S, Aljabri A, Khan YH. To conclude, the present findings contribute to existing literature on PsyCap and well-being, using the PERMA model of well-being (Seligman, 2011) among university students in the United States in the context of COVID-19. These include approaches to building positive emotions (Fredrickson, 2009); coping strategies, which were found in this study to boost well-being (Jardin et al., 2018; Lyubomirsky, 2008); and effective goal pursuits (F. Luthans & Youssef-Morgan, 2017). Get enough sleep. Future researchers should consider issues of internal consistency as they choose scales and interpret results. Experimentally analyzing the impact of leader positivity on follower positivity and performance. WebCoping with the Crisis As with any difficult situation, each person relies on different coping mechanisms. Investigating the current state of emotional responses and coping strategies of nurses and college nursing students in Anhui Province found that women showed more severe anxiety and fear than men and COVID-19 is a pressure source with great influence, both for individuals and for the social public groups. Specifically, we found coping through self-blame playing a mediating role between PERMA factors and two of the HERO dimensionsresilience and hope. Accessibility The Journal of Positive Psychology, 13(4), 321332. Indirect effects describing pathways from PsyCap factors to PERMA factors through identified coping strategies were tested for mediating roles. Goodman, F. R., Disabato, D. J., Kashdan, T. B., & Kauffman, S. B. (2019). This site needs JavaScript to work properly. Significant risk factors were poor health, prior trauma, poor family functioning, National Library of Medicine Your classmates have probably scattered. This study examined the relationships between psychological capital (PsyCap), coping strategies, and well-being among 609 university students using self-report measures. Penguin Press. https://doi.org/10.1108/13620431111107810, DeWitz, S. J., Woolsey, M. L., & Walsh, W. B. Most educational institutions made sure that instruction was uninterrupted at the start of the COVID-19 pandemic. Limitations and Directions for Future Research. You made the JV team in 10th grade, later played in college, and still think of Callahan every time you succeed at work. You might feel unmotivated now. ), Handbook of emotions (pp. The COVID-19 outbreak caused global disruptions in all aspects of life. In M. Lewis & J. M. Haviland (Eds. WebAbstract This study sought to determine risk and protective factors related to COVID-19 pandemic-specific post-traumatic stress disorder in university students. I find Docmerit to be authentic, easy to use and a community with quality notes and study tips. Research Question 3 Johnson (2020) indicated that 35% of students reported increased anxiety associated with a move from face-to-face to online learning in the spring 2020 semester, matching the early phases of the COVID-19 outbreak. And having to stay home can be lonely. International Journal of Wellbeing, 10(2). https://doi.org/10.1080/17437199.2018.1560229. Estimation of Psychological Impairment and Coping Strategies during COVID-19 Pandemic among University Students in Saudi Arabia: A Large Regional Analysis. Stress, coping and gender differences in third year medical students. https://doi.org/10.1080/17439760500510676, Sin, N. L., & Lyubomirsky, S. (2009). Among the PERMA elements, engagement and physical health were least impacted by COVID-19, whereas students experiences of positive emotion and negative emotion were the factors that were largely affected. Surgeon General issued an advisory on the nations youth mental health crisis in December 2021. University students faced unprecedented challenges and stressors, especially Asian As a flexible learning method, most schools chose online distance learning (ODL). Unauthorized use of these marks is strictly prohibited. Gallup. Wang X, Hegde S, Son C, Keller B, Smith A, Sasangohar F. J Med Internet Res. B., & Norman, S. M. (2007). https://doi.org/10.1002/job.373, Luthans, F., Avolio, B. J., Avey, J. Mental Health Status and Coping among Portuguese Higher Education Students in the Early Phase of the COVID-19 Pandemic. It is very good for your Overall, as seen in Table 1, all three variables studiedPsyCap HERO dimensions, eight PERMA elements, and coping strategieswere highly related. Breathing exercises - Psychologist Dr. Karen Treisman leads you through a variety of quick, effective exercises to soothe the nervous system: Houseparty App: a free social networking service that allows groups to play games together virtually. Journal of Affective Disorders. It was found that nursing students have negative coping methods, such as not being able to manage time well due to constraints at home and spending too much time on the phone, internet, and computer. Discovering statistics using IBM SPSS statistics. Objectives: To explore and describe the coping strategies used by student nurses during COVID-19. Researchers have recommended coping skills training for university students to modify maladaptive coping strategies and enhance pre-existing adaptive coping styles to optimal levels (Madhyastha et al., 2014). (2011). 2022 Oct 27;19(21):13994. doi: 10.3390/ijerph192113994. PsyCap is a state-like construct that consists of four dimensions: hope (H), self-efficacy (E), resilience (R), and optimism (O), often referred to by the acronym HERO (F. Luthans et al., 2007). Implications and recommendations for psychoeducation and counseling interventions to promote PsyCap and adaptive coping strategies in university students are presented. The coping strategy of planning (mean) among students in individual program years (F, Fig 5. You might have lost funding or your job. Using a sample of professional traders, we find a significant decrease in agreeableness and locus of control and a moderate decrease in grit. Positive psychological capital: Measurement and relationship with performance and satisfaction. Coping strategies with insignificant mediating role are not included in the table. The first pillar, positive emotion (P), is the affective component comprising the feelings of joy, hope, pleasure, rapture, happiness, and contentment. Establish a routine. Physical health significantly reduced from 6.58 to 5.91. https://doi.org/10.5502/ijw.v10i2.855, Lipson, S. K., Lattie, E. G., & Eisenberg, D. (2019). The Journal of Education for Business, 87(5), 253259. The impact of business school students psychological capital on academic performance. https://doi.org/10.1177/0972063414526124, Masten, A. S. (2001). Background The COVID-19 pandemic led to major changes in peoples lives via protective strategies aimed at limiting the transmission of COVID-19, including social (2020, April 14). Lyubomirsky, S. (2008). Assessing the effects of a personal effectiveness training on psychological capital, assertiveness and self-awareness using self-other agreement. Background Coronavirus disease-19 emerged in December 2019. Prior to exploring the role of PsyCap and coping strategies on change in well-being due to COVID-19, an initial analysis was conducted to understand the characteristics and relationships of constructs in the study. Changes in the PERMA Prior to the Onset of COVID-19 and After the Onset of COVID-19. Results of a repeated-measures ANOVA presented in Figure 1 indicate that mean scores of PERMA decreased significantly during COVID-19: = .620; F (5,604) = 73.99, p < .001. Additionally, data collection methods and sample demographics would likely limit generalizability. Predicting PERMA Elements From Psychological Capital Prior to the Onset of COVID-19 and After the Onset of COVID-19. Social distancing regulations were enforced in an attempt to halt virus spread. Correlation analyses (see Table 1) revealed significant and positive correlations between four PsyCap HERO dimensions (i.e., hope, self-efficacy, resilience, and optimism; Avey, Avolio et al., 2011) and the six PERMA elements (i.e., positive emotion, engagement, relationships, meaning, accomplishment, and physical health; Butler & Kern, 2016). Health Psychology Review, 13(2), 137162. The relationship between psychological capital, coping with stress, well-being, and performance. Your classmates and family members are anxious, too. Webstudents felt a lack of motivation, anxiety, stress, and isolation. https://doi.org/10.1037//0003-066x.56.3.227. Note. The authors reported no conflict of interest Healthcare workers were exposed to this highly infectious virus during the pandemic and suffered Changes in PERMA elements were calculated by subtracting PERMA scores reported retrospectively by participants before the pandemic from scores reported at the time of data collection during COVID-19, and a repeated-measures ANOVA was conducted to examine the difference. Increased rates of mental health service utilization by U.S. college students: 10-year population-level trends (20072017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-017-9933-3, Hoover, E. (2020). Further, the present findings highlight the importance of examining the relationships between each element of well-being and with each HERO dimension. E = Engagement, R = Relationships, M = Meaning, A = Accomplishment, N = Negative Emotion, H = Physical Health, The statistical analysis showed that during the coronavirus pandemic, Polish students most often used the coping strategies of: acceptance, planning, and seeking emotional support. Whether its an internship, dissertation defense or graduation ceremony, important events may not happen this year. Methods: This article used narrative literature review to explore literature review from the following databases namely Web of Science, Google, COVID-19 has impacted every aspect of life around the world. Kozakiewicz A, Izdebski Z, Biaorudzki M, Mazur J. Int J Environ Res Public Health. Undoubtedly, the period has been stressful for nursing students. Fifty-four percent of the participants were undergraduate students (n = 326), and the remaining 46% were graduate students (n = 283). L = Loneliness. The results also showed that the youngest students had the lowest coping skills. https://doi.org/10.1177/1548051813517003, Luthans, B. C., Luthans, K. W., & Jensen, S. M. (2012). Of the final 609 participants, 73.7% (n = 449) identified as female, 22% (n = 139) identified as male, and 4.3% (n = 26) identified as non-binary. https://doi.org/10.1080/09638237.2018.1469738, Sheldon, K. M., & Lyubomirsky, S. (2006). Prior to COVID-19, the PsyCap dimensions of optimism and self-efficacy were significant predictors of well-being. Think about how you can honor what youve achieved. Am J Orthopsychiatry. The financial crisis and the well-being of Americans: 2011 OEP Hicks lecture. Adaptive coping strategies were also conducive to well-being. International Journal of Wellbeing, 6(3), 148. Eur J Investig Health Psychol Educ. Iasiello, M., Bartholomaeus, J., Jarden, A., & Kelly, G. (2017). College student retention: An exploration of the relationship between self-efficacy beliefs and purpose in life among university students. Karen. Finally, the moderate Cronbachs alpha reliability scores of < .70 (Field, 2013) for the subscales of the Brief COPE inventory and the engagement subscale of the PERMA-Profiler are of concern, which has also been expressed by prior researchers (Goodman et al., 2018; Iasiello et al., 2017). Eat well. Of course, its good to stay informed, especially about whats happening in your area. Is there a significant difference in the well-being of university students prior to the onset of COVID-19 (reported retrospectively) and after the onset of COVID-19? On the other hand, self-blame and behavioral disengagement were two problematic coping strategies that mediated the relationship between optimism and all PERMA elements. The uncertainty about what comes next. WebWe study the stability of noncognitive skills by comparing experimental results gathered before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. All of these changes may have influenced students health When news of Covid-19 first started circulating, no one believed it would still be impacting our lives today. PsyCap is defined as an, individuals positive psychological state of development characterized by (1) having confidence (self-efficacy) to take on and put in the necessary effort to succeed at challenging tasks; (2) making a positive attribution (optimism) about succeeding now and in the future; (3) persevering toward goals and, when necessary, redirecting paths to goals (hope) in order to succeed; and (4) when beset by problems and adversity, sustaining and bouncing back and even beyond (resilience) to attain success.